Despite its vast renewable energy (RE) potential of over 3,700 GW, Indonesia has only utilized about 0.3% of it—making up just 12.3% of its total primary energy supply in 2022, far below the 2025 national target of 25%. Meanwhile, energy-related emissions are projected to account for 58% of national greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions by 2030, highlighting the urgency of scaling up clean energy. The government has responded with regulatory steps, such as Presidential Regulation 112/2022, which outlines a coal phase-down strategy and accelerates RE development, aligned with Indonesia’s net-zero emissions (NZE) target by 2060 and power sector emissions peaking by 2030.

However, achieving a just and inclusive energy transition requires more than phasing out fossil fuels. While public support for RE is high, policy decisions must address the economic and social impacts in fossil-dependent regions and sectors. This includes ensuring energy affordability, supporting vulnerable communities, and promoting local economic diversification. A successful transition depends on inclusive, evidence-based policymaking and the development of innovative business models that make clean energy accessible and beneficial for all segments of society.